网眼罗拉型集聚纺集聚区须条集聚机理分析

为深入研究网眼罗拉型集聚纺系统中纤维须条在流场作用下的运动规律,建立了集聚区域的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,并运用Fluent软件对该区域的流场进行数值计算,然后建立了纤维微元在气流场中的动力学模型,利用自编的Matlab程序对其进行求解,最后获得了纤维在集聚区的运动轨迹.研究结果表明不同初始位置的纤维运动轨迹能够反映须条的集聚规律;气流的横向作用力能够使须条在集聚方向上发生集聚;上层纤维较网眼罗拉表面的纤维集聚速度快;y轴向气流力使须条贴伏在网眼罗拉表面.     

非饱和红粘土三轴试验研究

利用非饱和三轴系统进行不同围压和不同基质吸力的三轴剪切试验,求出了该典型红粘土的强度指标,并分析强度指标随基质吸力变化的规律;结果表明,强度指标在进气值前后差异很大,且基质吸力大于进气值后出现了非线性变化的趋势,其中表观凝聚力最为突出;最后,验证了用幂函数拟合表观凝聚力与基质吸力的关系是行之有效的.     

非饱和土基质吸力对抗剪强度参数影响的探讨

分析了前人提出非饱和土抗剪强度理论存在的局限性,通过试验研究和理论分析,验证了非饱和挤密黄土吸力对抗剪强度影响的内摩擦角值并非一个常数,而是随吸力的增大而减小,并得出吸力与内摩擦角之间的非线性函数关系,为研究非饱和土强度问题提供了理论依据．     

循环加载条件下吸力式沉箱基础极限承载力特性分析

循环加载模式下吸力式沉箱基础的拉拔承载性能目前尚缺乏合理的分析与计算方法.应用Andersen等对重力式基础及地基所建议的分析方法,将软土的循环强度与Mises屈服准则相结合,针对吸力式沉箱基础,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS进行了三维拟静力有限元分析,确定了循环加载模式下吸力式沉箱的循环承载力及其破坏包络面,并与单调加载作用下沉箱基础的极限承载力及其破坏包络面进行了对比.结果表明,与单调加载情况相比,循环加载作用下吸力式沉箱基础的拉拔承载能力显著降低,而沉箱长径比对基础循环承载力降低效应的影响不大.     

基于大涡模拟的通海阀噪声分析

基于大涡模拟方法,采用CFX软件对某型通海阀的噪声进行数值模拟分析。选择大涡模拟中的WALE亚格子模型,运用前处理软件ICEM对通海阀三维模型进行网格划分,根据大涡模拟要求和实际使用情况设置边界条件。计算结果表明,通海阀低频噪声声能较大,高频部分所占比重较小,这与实际相符,验证了数值计算的准确性;相对于工业企业环境噪声标准,该阀门噪声的声压级略偏大。     

非饱和土真三轴双剪新强度准则及验证*

依据非饱和土的双应力状态变量理论,在俞茂宏双剪新强度准则的基础上,建立了适用于非饱和土的真三轴双剪新强度准则,并用文献非饱和粉砂刚性与柔性真三轴试验结果进行了验证.研究结果表明:该分段线性的真三轴双剪新强度准则能反映非饱和土强度的中间主应力效应及其区间性与单轴拉压不等特性,且可线性逼近拓展的非线性Spatially Mobilized Plane准则;Mohr-Coulomb强度准则的预测值偏小、外接圆Drucker-Prager准则的预测值明显偏大,这两个准则对非饱和土的真三向应力状态及试验数据均不具有很好的适用性.     

考虑基质吸力影响的非饱和均质边坡稳定性分析

控制吸力条件下非饱和土的强度特性主要基于膨胀土,文章针对侯禹高速公路某边坡黄土进行控制吸力固结不排水三轴剪切试验,主要研究了有效应力强度参数黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ随基质吸力的变化规律,并基于强度折减法对一定基质吸力影响下的该边坡进行稳定性分析。结果表明:黏聚力c随基质吸力的增大变化明显,而内摩擦角φ随基质吸力的增大基本不变;随基质吸力的增大安全系数增大;在低吸力阶段,增大幅度较大,随基质吸力的增大,增大幅度变小。     

变频转子式压缩机降低吸气干度对容积效率的影响

利用变频滚动转子式压缩机实验台测量了吸气干度x>0.9时压缩机的容积效率.结果表明,当0.90.95)和额定转速时,容积效率仅下降1%,因此,此类压缩机适合用于少量吸气带液的运行.     

基于全耦合模型和管土作用模型的深海悬链线立管触地区域疲劳特性分析

利用建立的浮体、立管和系泊索全耦合模型预报悬链线立管(SCR)的顶端响应,并作为立管详细有限元模型的顶端边界条件,进行疲劳响应分析.在全局有限元分析中,SCR与海床的相互作用通过开发的触地单元模拟,该单元能够考虑海床吸力的产生和释放过程,以及海床沟槽的形状.针对不同的海床参数,计算了SCR触地区域的响应,并通过雨流计数法进行了疲劳损伤分析,得到了触地区域的疲劳损伤对海床参数的敏感性.     

The anatomy and attachment mechanism of the haptor of a Capsala sp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea: Capsalidae) on the blue marlin,Makaira nigricans (Istiophoridae)

The muscular anatomy and fine structure of the haptor of a monogenean, Capsala sp., together with an observational distribution study, are described from specimens collected from the dorsolateral and ventral surfaces of the blue marlin, Makaira nigricans. The haptor is composed of seven loculi, which are arranged around a central pair of accessory sclerites. Marginal hooklets and hamuli were not observed. The presence of an outline left by the haptor on the host's skin and the lack of evidence of an adhesive secretion suggested that the haptor attaches primarily by suction. Tendons originating in the extrinsic peduncle muscles insert, via a proximal notch in the accessory sclerites, into the basal tegumental lamina on the ventral surface of the haptor. On contraction the centre of the haptor is thought to be drawn upwards both directly by the extrinsic tendons in the haptoral wall but also by the accessory sclerites which are brought into a vertical position. This increases the volume beneath the haptor, consequently reducing the pressure and thus producing suction. The ribbed marginal valve prevents the inward movement of water. Intrinsic circular and radial muscles in the haptoral wall are also thought to produce suction by drawing the haptoral wall inwards, again increasing the volume beneath and causing a pressure reduction. It is suggested that interconnecting fibres observed between the intrinsic muscles may store elastic energy, allowing Capsala sp. to maintain suction attachment without having constantly to contract its muscles. Papillae on the inner ( = ventral) surface of the haptor are suggested to aid attachment by firstly spreading the negative pressure over the inner surface of the haptor and, secondly, through resisting the shear forces encountered as the fish swims. Both functions are achieved by increasing the surface area of contact with the host's skin, and therefore the frictional forces. Theoretical estimates of the suction efficiency indicate that suction is double the maximum theoretical drag forces which would be experienced by Capsala sp. when M. nigricans is swimming at speeds of both 1 and 20 m s^?1 and suggests that suctorial attachment is efficient. The distribution of Capsala sp. is not thought to be restricted by the surface topography of the host, demonstrated by the fact that individuals were located in both the roughest and smoothest areas of the marlin's skin surface. Distribution is therefore thought to be influenced by other factors such as hydrodynamics, nutritional value of the attachment site, immunological restrictions or cross‐fertilization between parasites.